Types of network
There are many types of networks, which can be used for different purposes and by different types of people and organization. Here are some network types you may be familiar with.
Local Area Networks (LAN)
A local area network or LAN is a network that connects computers in a limited area. It can be used at school, office or at home.
Personal Area Networks(PAN)
Personal Area Network is a network that is based on the work area of ??an individual. A person's device is the center of the network to which other devices are connected. There are also wireless personal area networks.
Home Area Networks (HAN)
A home area network connects devices in a home environment. This can include personal computers, tablets, smartphones, printers, televisions and other devices.
Wide Area Networks(WAN)
A wide area network is a network that covers a large geographical area, usually with a radius of more than one kilometer.
Campus Networks
A campus network is a LAN or set of connected LANs used by a government agency, university, corporation or similar organization and usually consists of a network in a group of buildings that are together.
Metropolitan Area Networks(MAN)
Metropolitan area networks are networks that span an area the size of a metropolitan area. A MAN is a series of connected LANs in a city, which can also connect to a WAN.
Enterprise Private Networks
An enterprise private network is used by a company to connect its various sites so that different locations can share resources.
Internetworks
The Internet connects different networks together to form a larger network. Internetworking is often used to describe the creation of a large, global network.
Backbone Networks(BBN)
A backbone is a part of a network that connects different pieces of information and provides a path for the exchange of information.
Global Area Networks(GAN)
A global area network is a worldwide network that connects networks throughout the world, such as the Internet.
network design
Computer networks can have different designs, with the two basic forms being client/server and peer-to-peer networks. A client/server network consists of centralized servers for storage, which are accessed by client computers and devices. Peer-to-peer networks have devices that support similar functions. They are more common in homes, while client/server networks are more likely to be used by businesses.
network connection type
There are also different types of network connections that relate to how the elements in the network are connected to each other. The ring topology is the most common type due to the topology used to connect computers, the Internet, local area networks, and Ethernet supporting wide area networks.
Star Topology
A central node connects a cable to each computer in the network in a star topology. Each computer in the network has an independent connection to the center of the network, and breaking one connection will not affect the rest of the network. However, there is a downside that many cables are required to create such a network.
Bus Topology
In bus topology network connections, a cable connects computers. Information from the last node on the network has to run through each of the connected computers. Less cabling is required, but if the cable breaks it means no computer can access the network.
Ring Topology
Ring topology is similar to bus topology. It uses a cable with end nodes interconnected so that the signal can travel through the network to find its recipient. Even if the network node is not working properly, the signal will try several times to find its destination. A collapsed ring consists of a central node which is a hub, router, or switch. The device has an internal ring topology and has places to plug cables. Each computer on the network has its own cable for plugging in devices. In an office, this probably means having a cabling closet, where all the computers are connected to the closet and switches.
Network Protocols
Network protocols are languages ??that computer devices use to communicate. The protocols that support computer networks provide another way to define and group them. There can be more than one protocol in a network and each can support different applications. Frequently used protocols include TCP/IP, which is most common in the Internet and home networks.
Wired and Wireless Networks
Many protocols can work with both wired and wireless networks. In recent years, however, wireless technologies have grown and become more popular. Wi-Fi and other wireless technologies have become the preferred choice for building computer networks. One reason for this is that wireless networks can easily support the variety of wireless gadgets that have become popular over the years, such as smartphones and tablets. Mobile networking is now an important thing to consider as it is not going to end anytime soon.
Key Networking Terms
Open system: An open system is connected to the network and ready for communication.
Closed system: A closed system is not connected to the network and hence cannot be communicated with.
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP): Provides dynamic IP addresses to the host and is maintained by the Internet Service Provider.
Network packets: The data that is sent to and from nodes in the network.
Port: Port is a channel through which data is sent and received.
MAC address: The MAC address or physical address uniquely identifies each host. It is connected to the Network Interface Card (NIC).
Routers: Routers are pieces of hardware that manage router packets. They determine which node the information came from and where to send it. A router has a routing protocol that defines how it communicates with other routers.
Network Address Translation (NAT): A technique used by routers to provide Internet service to more devices using less public IPs. A router has a public IP address, but devices connected to it are assigned private IPs that cannot be seen by others outside the network.
Nodes: Nodes is a term used to refer to any computing device such as a computer that sends and receives network packets across a network.
Internet service providers (ISPs): Companies that provide their Internet connection to everyone, both individuals and businesses and other organizations.
IP (Internet Protocol) address: the network address of systems throughout the network, also known as the logical address).
What do networks do?
Computer networks are used to perform a large number of tasks through the exchange of information.
Sharing devices, sharing files, such as printers, scanners and photocopiers.
Sharing software and operating programs on remote systems.
Allowing network users to easily access and retain information.
Communicating using email, video, instant messaging and other methods.
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